Europe’s surviving mine headframe and winding tower sites

Abandoned Asturian coal shaft retaining its steel headframe and pithead buildings at San Frechoso, Olloniego, south of Oviedo.

Former silver, copper, lead, and zinc ore mine at Goslar, the only mine in the world to have operated continuously for over a thousand years, closed in 1988 and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and museum, with the original 1930s processing plant, Schacht

Former Saarland hard coal mine, now a listed leisure and cultural destination with surviving headframes and pithead buildings.

Protected industrial monument in Moers-Hochstraß retaining the oldest surviving double-strut headframe in the Ruhr, with original winding house open to visitors.

Active brown coal mine in the Tuzla Canton, comprising underground and opencast workings supplying the Tuzla Thermal Power Plant.

Former underground fluorite mine at Chaillac in the Indre, closed in 1997 and remediated; the commune hosts a mineralogy museum drawing on the site's collections.

Vast abandoned iron ore open pit at Rudabánya, now a heritage landscape containing the Bányászattörténeti Múzeum and Hungary's deepest standing lake.

Former Istrian coal mine reopened as an immersive underground tourism attraction with a mining museum in the purpose-built fascist-era town of Raša.

Former Compagnie d'Anzin hard coal colliery at Raismes, now a forested natural space and UNESCO World Heritage site, retaining the listed headframe of puits n°2 amid wooded terrils.

Habsburg-founded salt mine in Bucovina, open as a working tourist attraction with underground chapels and hand-dug galleries.