Europe’s surviving mine headframe and winding tower sites

Closed magnesite mine near Gornoslav village, Asenovgrad area, western Rhodopes foothills, Bulgaria.

Best-preserved nineteenth-century lead mine in Britain, near Sheldon in Derbyshire, a freely accessible Scheduled Monument managed by the Peak District Mines Historical Society.

Surviving iron and timber drainage shaft structure of the Mina de São Domingos, a major copper-pyrite complex now a classified heritage site with active tourism.

Surviving winding-frame structure at the Tharsis railway mineral-processing terminal of Corrales, near the estuary of the Odiel.

Surviving water-drainage winding engine structure within the Tharsis pyrite mining complex, part of a protected heritage zone in Huelva.

Full-scale 2006 reconstruction of the 1904 wooden winding frame at Peña del Hierro, now a publicly visited heritage attraction within the Parque Minero de Riotinto.

Preserved Koepe extraction tower of the Pozo Rotilio, a listed industrial monument within the Zona Minera de Riotinto-Nerva, Huelva.

Preserved iron malacate headframe over the Poço Viana shaft, now the reception point of the Parque Mineiro de Aljustrel heritage park.

Surviving iron headframe over the Poço Vipasca shaft, a landmark feature of the Parque Mineiro de Aljustrel heritage park in the Alentejo.

Abandoned copper ore field on the Medni Rid ridge near Atia village, with mining history extending from prehistory to final closure around 2001.