Europe’s surviving mine headframe and winding tower sites

Surviving brick-and-masonry headframe of the Pozo San Rafael at Vallejo de Orbó, a nineteenth-century colliery shaft being recovered for heritage use by the ARPI association.

Standing 60-metre steel extraction tower of the Pozo Santiago at Caborana, the last operative coal mine in the concejo of Aller, closed in 2018 and now awaiting repurposing.

Intact riveted-iron headframe and preserved winding machinery of the Pozo Barredo, a geothermal energy and research facility at the heart of Mieres, Asturias.

Former Asturian coal shaft whose landmark 51-metre steel extraction tower, the first of its kind in Asturias, still stands at Vega, Langreo.

Closed Asturian coal shaft in the urban centre of El Entrego, the first vertical shaft sunk in the central Asturian coalfield, retaining its surviving headframe.

Former Asturian coal shaft at Sama de Langreo, now housing the Archivo Histórico de Hunosa and the Brigada Central de Salvamento Minero, with geothermal and biomass energy installations.

Closed Asturian coal shaft whose 1933 steel headframe, expanded in 1963, and a group of classically styled pithead buildings survive intact at Vega, Langreo.

Declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 2013, the Pozu San Luis in the Valle de Samuño now forms the centrepiece of the Ecomuseo Minero Valle de Samuño, with its intact modernist engine house and robloned steel headframe fully open to visitors.

Historically significant closed coal shaft at El Entrego, unique as the first mine in Spain managed by its workers, with restored buildings housing a workers' movement museum project.

Protected former coal shaft complex at La Rabaldana, San Andrés de Turón, the first vertical coal mine of the Caudal valley and now a cultural heritage site.