Europe’s surviving mine headframe and winding tower sites

Disused Sardinian coal mine in the Sulcis basin, now held under concession for environmental remediation and potential redevelopment.

Former coal mine at Nuraxi Figus, the last colliery to operate in Italy, now undergoing decommissioning and post-industrial conversion.

Preserved mercury mine shaft and pithead complex at Abbadia San Salvatore, forming part of the Parco Museo Minerario on the Monte Amiata.

Former lead and zinc mine at Cave del Predil, converted into an accessible geomining heritage park with guided underground tours.

Open-air industrial archaeology museum and heritage site at the former Caporciano copper mine, Europe's largest nineteenth-century copper mine, with surviving shaft tower, galleries, and pithead structures.

Surviving shaft structure within the disused Montevecchio lead and zinc mining complex near Guspini, part of the Parco Geominerario Storico e Ambientale della Sardegna.

Former worksite of the Montevecchio lead-zinc-silver mining complex at Guspini, identified in IGEA technical documentation as the cantiere di Pozzo Centrale.

Named shaft of the Silius / Muscadroxiu fluorite mine, commemorating Polish engineer Henry Skaba, who died at the mine on 7 March 2001.

Former Sardinian coalfield converted into the Museo del Carbone, with surviving twin iron headframes and an accessible underground gallery.

Restored open-air pyrite mining heritage site near Gavorrano with surviving iron headframes and a preserved multi-storey ore-treatment plant.