Europe’s surviving mine headframe and winding tower sites

Former potash and rock salt mine at Merkers, now operating as the Erlebnisbergwerk with a celebrated underground crystal grotto and historic gold chamber.

Former royal Saxon hard coal colliery site at Freital, with a surviving headframe relocated from nearby Gittersee Schacht 2 and the former coal office now serving as a public library.

Former Ruhr hard coal colliery whose preserved Schupp-designed pithead buildings at Schacht 1/2 form the centrepiece of the Nordsternpark, an open public landscape park open daily without charge.

Former hard coal mine shaft at Schwalbach, sunk as the Ostschacht in 1867 and renamed Ney-Schacht after the Saarland-born Marshal Michel Ney, with a circa 1924 Fachwerk headframe and listed 1927 electric winding engine surviving as denkmalgeschützte monum

Former coal mine shaft in Lebach-Falscheid, the last coal-winding shaft of the Saarland, whose 48-metre 1986/87 headframe — the heaviest ever erected in German mining — was demolished after filling of the shaft in 2020.

Former Oberhausen hard coal colliery site, with several listed surviving structures including a headframe at Schacht 3 and a winding tower at Schacht 4, partly redeveloped as a park following the 1999 Landesgartenschau.

Former Oberharz lead, copper and silver ore mine closed 1930, with surviving UNESCO-listed water-wheel chambers open to visitors.

Former potash shaft at Sondershausen with a 44-metre Jugendstil steel headframe inspired by the Eiffel Tower, listed since 1969 and now housing a mining archive and exhibition.

Former Ruhr hard coal colliery at Dortmund-Lindenhorst with a surviving listed Malakowturm, now adapted for cultural use.

A preserved Malakowturm and steel headframe from the nineteenth-century Zeche Prosper in Bottrop, now a listed industrial monument open for guided tours and events.